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Buy this issue

#191 (Winter 2006)

Editorial

Laura Moss

• Playing the Monster Blind?: The Practical Limitations of Updating the Canadian Canon (p. 7 - 11)

Articles

Caitlin Charman

• There’s got to be some wrenching and slashing: Horror and Retrospection in Alice Munro’s “Fits” (p. 13 - 30) Show/hide Abstract

  • Avril Horner and Sue Zlosnik argue that too much critical attention has been paid to unearthing that which lies beneath the surface in gothic fiction. Although Munro critics tend to pay attention to the surface or the uncanny, few discuss the relationship between them. I argue that in "Fits" an intricate relationship connects the surface—by which I mean Munro's use of retrospection—and the horrific affect. The narrative's shifting spaces and perspectives are cinematic, but they also produce an affect like that produced by contemporary horror film.
    
    Avril Horner et Sue Zlosnik déclarent que trop d’attention critique se focalise sur ce qui sous-tend les accessoires de la fiction gothique. Alors que les critiques de Munro ont tendance à noter soit la superficie de son oeuvre, soit la mystique, peu ont étudié la relation entre les deux. Je soutiens que dans Fits, une relation élaborée relie la superficie – c’est-à-dire l’usage de rétrospection de Munro – et l’effet d’horreur. L’espace et les points de vue fluides du récit sont cinématographiques, mais ils produisent, en même temps, un effet comme celui produit par un film d’horreur contemporain.

Sue Sorensen

• Don’t Hanker to Be No Prophet: Guy Vanderhaeghe and the Bible (p. 32 - 46) Show/hide Abstract

  • Although not a conventionally religious writer, Guy Vanderhaeghe in his fiction has often contemplated faith. The Englishman’s Boy and The Last Crossing make parodic use of Biblical ideas. References to religion in his short fiction are often caustic. Yet the contradictions and hypocrisies within the Judeo-Christian tradition are told not from the viewpoint of dissent -- or at least not total dissent -- but instead are presented by someone considering and reconsidering his engagement with, even responsibility for, the current state of faith. In particular, Vanderhaeghe increasingly grapples with the subject of sorrow, and is driven to adopt a Biblical vocabulary of lament for that ruminative quest.
    
    Même si Guy Vanderhaeghe n’est pas un écrivain conventionnellement religieux, il a souvent contemplé la foi dans sa fiction. The Englishman’s Boy and The Last Crossing comportent des parodies d’idées bibliques. Les références à la religion dans ses nouvelles sont souvent acerbes. En même temps, les contradictions et les hypocrisies de la tradition judéo-chrétienne ne sont pas racontées dans la perspective du désaccord – ou au moins pas celle du désaccord total. Ces contradictions sont plutôt présentées par quelqu’un qui réfléchit à son engagement et le reconsidère en prenant en compte sa responsabilité dans l’état actuel de la foi. En particulier, Vanderhaeghe lutte de plus en plus avec le sujet de la douleur, et finit par adopter un vocabulaire biblique de lamentation pour cette quête méditative.

Andre Furlani

• Jan Zwicky: Lyric Philosophy Lyric (p. 48 - 68) Show/hide Abstract

  • For Jan Zwicky, lyric denotes not a poetic genre alone but a mode of thinking, indeed an ethical disposition. "Lyric philosophy," she claims, is "thought in love with clarity, informed by the intuition of coherence." Drawing primarily on Ludwig Wittgenstein, both Lyric Philosophy and her later Wisdom & Metaphor promote those possibilities for meaning inherent in the non-analytic "lyric uses of language." More than any other of her volumes of verse, Zwicky's Wittgenstein Elegies is both one such use of language and a description of the obstacles to achieving such meanings. This lyric sequence attempts the fusion of ethics and aesthetics that, according to Wittgenstein, may disclose those ultimately ineffable values traditional philosophy cannot delineate. By situating art not in the sphere of the stated but the shown, and making it commensurate with the sphere of values, Wittgenstein gives poetry the sanction for Zwicky, at odds with academic philosophy, to recuperate truth. The poem would forgo the prospect of some universal ethical scheme translated into verifiable propositions in favour of aesthetic intuitions of unity. Yet Zwicky is nevertheless inclined to assert moral facts rather than intimate values. Whereas the antifoundationalist Wittgenstein argues for all belief as contingent upon mutable systems of relations, Zwicky aspires to articulate transcendent ethical mandates. Although a highly figurative and tentative statement of a possible truth, Wittgenstein Elegies strains, in defiance of Wittgenstein‚s interdiction, to express the inexpressible.
    
    Pour Jan Zwicky, le lyrique dénote non seulement un genre poétique mais aussi un mode de penser, en fait une disposition éthique. Elle prétend que « La philosophie lyrique » est « la pensée énamourée avec la clarté, informée par l’intuition de la cohérence ». Beaucoup influencé par Ludwig Wittgenstein, son livre Lyric Philosophy et son Wisdom & Metaphor, écrit plus tard, avancent ces possibilités pour la signification inhérente aux « usages lyriques de langage » non analytiques. Plus que tous ses autres volumes de vers, Wittgenstein Elegies de Zwicky utilise le langage et la description des obstacles pour communiquer ces significations. Cette séquence lyrique essaie de créer une fusion de l’éthique et de l’esthétique qui, selon Wittgenstein, peut démontrer ces valeurs finalement ineffables que la philosophie traditionnelle ne peut pas préciser. En situant l’art hors de la sphère du discours et dans la sphère du sensible, cohérent avec la conception de valeur, Wittgenstein permet à Zwicky, mal à l’aise avec la philosophie académique, de récupérer la vérité grâce à la poésie. Le poème échapperait à un schéma éthique universel traduit en propositions vérifiables pour favoriser les intuitions esthétiques de l’unité. Zwicky a toutefois tendance à constater les faits moraux plutôt que les valeurs intimes. Alors que Wittgenstein, anti-fondamentaliste, déclare que toutes les croyances sont basées sur les systèmes mutables de relations, Zwicky aspire à articuler des mandats éthiques transcendants. Son Wittgenstein Elegies, une déclaration très figurative de la vérité possible et un effort de l’atteindre, essaie, en dépit de l’interdiction de Wittgenstein, d’exprimer l’inexprimable.

Daniela Janes

• Brainworkers: The Middle-Class Labour Reformer (p. 70 - 84) Show/hide Abstract

  • In late nineteenth-century Canada, some of the most determined voices in the labour reform movement came from “brainworkers,” intellectuals who laboured with their pen to advance the cause of workers. This article focuses on two novels from the period that offer sustained examinations of the industrial milieu: Roland Graeme: Knight (1892) by Agnes Maule Machar, and The Preparation of Ryerson Embury (1900) by Albert Richardson Carman. Examining the novels’ focus on the role of the middle-class intellectual, and their authors’ own political engagement with labour issues, reveals the role of the brainworker in late-nineteenth century labour reform fiction and in the real-life struggle.
    
    Dans le Canada de la fin du dix-neuvième siècle, certaines des voix les plus déterminées dans le mouvement de reforme sociale sont venues des « brainworkers », les intellectuels qui ont travaillé avec leur stylo pour faire avancer la cause des ouvriers. Cet article se concentre sur deux romans qui nous offrent des descriptions détaillées du milieu industrialisé. Roland Graeme: Knight (1982) d’Agnes Maule Machar, et The Preparation of Ryerson Embury (1900) d’Albert Richardson Carman. Examinant la focalisation des romans sur le rôle de l’intellectuel de classe moyenne et l’engagement politique des auteurs sur les questions de travail, les livres nous démontrent le rôle du brainworker à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle dans la fiction de la reforme sociale et dans la réalité de la lutte.

Gillian Roberts

• Sameness and Difference: Border Crossings in The Stone Diaries and Larry’s Party (p. 86 - 102) Show/hide Abstract

  • Contrary to what some critics have argued, Carol Shields’s border-crossing novels The Stone Diaries and Larry’s Party do not present Canada and the United States as interchangeable. Rather, these novels investigate the imbalance of political, economic, and cultural power between these two countries, often through the use and subversion of stereotypical images of Canada. Although Larry’s Party in particular concerns itself with the communications technologies of an increasingly globalizing planet, American views of Canada in The Stone Diaries have changed little by Larry’s Party’s setting at the end of the twentieth century, demonstrating the uneven effects of globalization on nation-states.
    
    Contrairement aux affirmations de certains critiques, les romans de Carols Shields, The Stone Diaries et Larry’s Party, qui traitent de la traversée des frontières, ne présentent pas le Canada et les Etats-Unis comme interchangeables. En réalité, ces romans explorent le déséquilibre entre le pouvoir politique, économique et culturel des deux pays, souvent par l’usage et la subversion d’images stéréotypées du Canada. Alors que Larry’s Party en particulier s’intéresse aux technologies de communication d’une planète de plus en plus globalisée, la vision américaine du Canada décrite dans ses romans ne change guère pendant les cinquante ans qui séparent les actions respectives des deux romans. Ceci démontre les effets déséquilibrés de la globalisation sur les États-Nations.

Poems

James Pollock

• Lake Superior (p. 12)

Susan McCaslin

• What I will not remember (p. 31)

M. Travis Lane

• Locating the particle (p. 47)

Jack Davis

• Lake Nipissing (p. 69)

Jim F. Johnstone

• baiting hooks (p. 85) Show/hide Poem

  • baiting hooks
    the twins flick the heads
    of wriggling minnows
    
    silver scales flail in the air
    attracting blackflies
    
    blood is up for grabs
    in the summer heat
    
    wind mixes with yellow fire
    howls over the lip
    of father’s corona
    
    he stuffs a lime down the neck
    to adjust the pitch
    traps his thumb
    
    laughter shakes the twins’
    warm bodies closer
    
    they drop their hooks
    for anything that will bite

Nathaniel G. Moore

• Beta Love (p. 103) Show/hide Poem

  • tweaks a brilliant tracking problem
    with some scotch tape and brandy

    consumed with talcum lips,
    charmed in prickling cactus tears,

    cures hunger with rich salad
    strawberries and my special vinaigrette

    drowns a sentimental rain forest
    does stroke and your face glides

    in regrettable forecasts; from the ghost
    of the sun to the lotion the wind wears

    panic lovingly then insane
    over the price of soap

     or

    knot up anxious at the fear of gums
    being massaged by human bristles

    scalded by your callousness,
    I am so afraid I run away

    to the mountains and feed my body
    to the famine mascot birds until I crawl back

    into your cave streaked with cranberry tears
    mouth tooled in wet sand

    I should visit
    I can always run away

    if you try to chainsaw my limbs off
    but you know I need it.

Books in Review

Altérés de loin (p. 104 - 105)

by Jeff Moore

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Mystique by Mylène Gilbert-Dumas (La Courte Échelle)
2. On finit toujours par payer by Jean Lemieux (La Courte Échelle)

Generalizations (p. 105 - 107)

by Stephen Guy-Bray

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Peacocks, Chameleons, Centaurs by Wayne H. Brekhus (University of Chicago Press)
2. Gay Male Pornography by Christopher N. Kendall (University of British Columbia Press)

Cross-cultural Exchanges (p. 107 - 108)

by Roseanna Dufault

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Frida: Paint me as a Volcano/Frida by Keith Garebian (Buschek Books)
2. Made in Auroville, India by Monique Patenaude (Éditions Triptyque)
3. Contes iraniens islamisés by Shodja Eddin Ziaïan (Gref)

Seeing What He Saw (p. 108 - 110)

by Robert Thacker

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. As For Sinclair Ross by David Stouck (University of Toronto Press)

Memory, Displacement, and Politicized Prejudice (p. 110 - 113)

by Melina Baum Singer

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Contemporary Jewish Writing in Canada by Michael Greenstein (University of Nebraska Press)
2. The Canadian Jewish Studies Reader by Richard Menkis and Norman Ravvin (Red Deer Press)
3. Contemporary Antisemitism, Canada and the World by Derek J. Penslar, Michael R. Marrus, and Janice Gross Stein (University of Toronto Press)

New Regionalisms (p. 113 - 114)

by Janice Fiamengo

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. History, Literature, and the Writing of the Canadian Prairies by Alison Calder (University of Manitoba Press)

There Be Monsters Here (p. 114 - 115)

by Marlene Goldman

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Gothic Canada by Justin D. Edwards (University of Alberta Press)

Beyond Border Metaphors (p. 115 - 117)

by Elizabeth Maurer

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Holding the Line by Heather N. Nicol and Ian Townsend-Gault (University of British Columbia Press)

Historical Biography (p. 117 - 118)

by David Staines

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Inventing Sam Slick by Richard A. Davies (University of Toronto Press)

Représentations et poubellisation de l’autre (p. 118 - 119)

by Pamela V. Sing

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Les dépouilles de l’altérité by Daniel Castillo Durante (XYZ Éditeur / XYZ Publishing)

Literature as History (p. 119 - 121)

by E.D. Blodgett

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. La Vie littéraire au Québec by Maurice Lemire and Denis Saint-Jacques (Presses de l'Université Laval)

Come Fly with Them (p. 121 - 122)

by Travis V. Mason

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. The Bedside Book of Birds by Graeme Gibson (Doubleday Canada Limited)
2. Crows by Candace Savage (Greystone Books)

Fenced In (p. 122 - 123)

by Myrl Coulter

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. A Map of Glass by Jane Urquhart (McClelland & Stewart Ltd.)

L’épreuve de la traduction (p. 123 - 124)

by Robert Melançon

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Sur le terrain de la traduction by Hélène Buzelin (Gref)
2. Les Originaux, traduit par Pierre DesRuisseaux by L.E. Vollick (Éditions Triptyque)

Souvenirs et découvertes (p. 125 - 126)

by Jeanette den Toonder

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Momo et Loulou by Louise Desjardins and Mona Latif-Ghattas (Éditions du Remue-Ménage)
2. Les secrets de la Sphinxe by Janine Ricouart and Roseanna Dufault (Éditions du Remue-Ménage)

Lectures sur mesure (p. 126 - 127)

by Christine Poirier

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Dans le muskeg by Marguerine Primeau (Plaines)
2. Lèche-vitrine by Sophie Lepage (Éditions Triptyque)

Before We Forgot (p. 127 - 128)

by Michael Wells

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. The Professionalization of Women Writers in Eighteenth-Century Britain by Betty A. Shellenberg (Cambridge University Press)

Biographing Alice Munro (p. 128 - 130)

by Héliane Ventura

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Alice Munro by Robert Thacker (McClelland & Stewart Ltd.)

Taking Stock (p. 130 - 131)

by Erika Behrisch

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. The Canadian Housewife by Rosemary Neering (Whitecap)

Exploring the Canadian Plains (p. 131 - 132)

by Linda Driedger

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Stone by Stone by Liz Bryan (Heritage House)
2. The Buffalo People by Liz Bryan (Heritage House)

An Important Book (p. 132 - 134)

by Mervyn Nicholson

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. The Half-Lives of Pat Lowther by Christine Wiesenthal (University of Toronto Press)

Multiple Horizons (p. 134 - 135)

by Jack Stewart

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. A Brush with Life by John Koerner (Ronsdale Press)

Fairy Tales and Tellers (p. 135 - 136)

by Sarika P. Bose

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Hans Christian Andersen by Hørdis Varmer, Lilian Brøgger, and Tiina Nunnally (Groundwood)
2. The Nutcracker by Karen Kain and Rajka Kupesic (Tundra Books)

Granting audience (p. 138 - 139)

by George Elliott Clarke

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Collected Works of George Grant by Arthur Davis and Henry Roper (University of Toronto Press)

Found in Translation (p. 139 - 140)

by Marie-Claude Legault

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Paris Québec by Claudine Bertrand, Marie Vautier, and Stephen Scobie (Ekstasis Editions)
2. Doing Gender by Roseanna L. Dufault and Paula Ruth Gilbert (Associated University Presses)

(WOMEN'S STUDIES) (WOMEN'S STUDIES) (WOMEN'S STUDIES)

Figuring Wisdom (p. 141 - 142)

by Adam Dickinson

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Wisdom & Metaphor by Jan Zwicky (Gaspereau Press)

Beyond the Balagan (p. 142 - 143)

by Adrienne Kertzer

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Ten Thousand Lovers by Edeet Ravel (McArthur)
2. Look for Me by Edeet Ravel (Random House)

Covering Geometries (p. 143 - 145)

by Tracy Whalen

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Biting the Error by Mary Burger, Robert Glück, Camille Roy, and Gail Scott (Coach House Books)
2. Mental Hygiene by Ray Robertson (Insomniac Press)

All the Lonely People (p. 145 - 146)

by Colin Hill

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Eleanor Rigby by Douglas Coupland (Random House)
2. The Program by Hal Niedzviecki (Knopf Canada)

Challenging Women (p. 147 - 148)

by Kirsty Johnston

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Chronic by Linda Griffiths (Playwrights Canada Press)
2. Wanted by Sally Clark (Talon Books)
3. The Unnatural and Accidental Women by Marie Clements (Talon Books)

This Yesterday of Today (p. 148 - 149)

by Susan Rudy

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Yesterday, at the Hotel Clarendon by Nicole Brossard and Susanne de Lotbinière-Harwood (Coach House Books)

Trajectories and Passages (p. 149 - 151)

by Kathy Mezei

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Traduction littéraire et sociabilité interculturelle au Canada (1950-1960) by Patricia Godbout (Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa)
2. Les passages obligés de l’écriture migrante by Simon Harel (XYZ Éditeur / XYZ Publishing)

Immigrant Memoirs (p. 151 - 153)

by Ralph Sarkonak

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. The Short Version by Stan Persky (New Star Books)
2. Beethoven’s Mask by George Jonas (Key Porter Books)

Et pourtant, elles écrivent (p. 153 - 155)

by Lori Saint-Martin

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Écrire dans la maison du père. L’émergence du féminin dans la tradition littéraire du Québec by Patricia Smart (XYZ Éditeur / XYZ Publishing)
2. Ouvrir la voie/x. by Isabelle Boisclair (Nota Bene)

Rock, Paper, Histories (p. 155 - 157)

by Travis V. Mason

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Deactivated West 100 by Don McKay (Gaspereau Press)
2. The Future of Environmental Criticism by Lawrence Buell (Blackwell Publishing)
3. History of the Book in Canada, Volume One by Patricia Lockhart Fleming, Gilles Gallichan, and Yvan Lamonde (University of Toronto Press)

Quest for Family (p. 157 - 158)

by Sarika P. Bose

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Ingrid and the Wolf by André Alexis (Tundra Books)
2. The Vacation by Polly Horvath (Groundwood)

Books of Secrets (p. 158 - 160)

by Dorothy F. Lane

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. The Journey Prize Stories by James Grainger and Nancy Lee (McClelland & Stewart Ltd.)
2. When She Was Queen by M.G. Vassanji (Doubleday Canada Limited)

Telling More, Tel Aviv (p. 160 - 161)

by Andrew Bartlett

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. A Wall of Light by Edeet Ravel (Random House)

Unstable Boundaries (p. 161 - 162)

by Jen Hill

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Do Glaciers Listen? Local Knowledge, Colonial Encounters, & Social Imagination by Julie Cruikshank (University of British Columbia Press)

Modern Takes on What Makes Us Human (p. 162 - 163)

by Gillian Jerome

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Past Imperfect by Suzanne Buffam (House of Anansi Press)
2. Modern and Normal by Karen Solie (Brick Books)

Diaries that Schmeck (p. 163 - 165)

by Laurie McNeill

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Must Write by Christl Verduyn (Wilfrid Laurier University Press)
2. Beyond Recall by Mary Meigs and Lise Weil (Talon Books)

Just Before the Fall (p. 165 - 167)

by Hilary Turner

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. The Girl from Chimel by Rigoberta Menchu (Groundwood)
2. Shi-shi-etko by Nicola I. Campbell (Groundwood)
3. The Red Sash by Jean E. Pendziwol (Groundwood)

Massacres and Floods (p. 167 - 168)

by Barbara Pell

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Children of the Day by Sandra Birdsell (Random House)
2. The Wreckage by Michael Crummey (Doubleday Canada Limited)

Scots Emigrant Literature (p. 168 - 170)

by Michael Newton

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Oatmeal and the Catechism by Margaret Bennett (McGill-Queen's University Press)
2. Scots in Canada by Jenni Calder (Luath Press)

Escaping Prisons (p. 170 - 173)

by Lisa Grekul

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. The Time In Between by David Bergen (McClelland & Stewart Ltd.)
2. The Lizard Cage by Karen Connelly (Random House)

Women Writing Women (p. 173 - 174)

by A. Mary Murphy

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. I Married the Klondike by Laura Beatrice Berton (Lost Moose)
2. Literary Sisterhoods by Deborah Heller (McGill-Queen's University Press)
3. Masking Selves, Making Subjects by Traise Yamamoto (University of Calgary Press)
4. In Her Own Words by Jill Ker Conway (Vintage)

Smack! Whup! Honk (p. 175 - 176)

by Duffy Roberts

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. A Short History of Indians in Canada by Thomas King (HarperCollins)

Spectres et vertiges (p. 176 - 177)

by Noële Racine

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Fantômier by Marie-Andrée Donovan (Éditions David)
2. Centrifuge. Extrait de narration. Poésie faite de concentré by Éric Charlebois (Éditions David)
3. First Fire/Ce feu qui dévore by Nadine McInnis, Andrée Christensen, and Jacques Flamand (Éditions du Vermillion)

Dictionnaires et histoire (p. 177 - 179)

by Lucie Hotte

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Dictionnaires français et littératures québécoise et canadienne-française by Gerardo Arcerenza (Éditions David)
2. L’Ontario français dans le Canada français avant 1911. Contribution à l’histoire sociale by Fernand Ouellet (Prise de Parole)
3. Le drapeau franco-ontarien by Guy Gaudreau (Prise de Parole)

Touching Gods (p. 179 - 180)

by Andrea Belcham

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Vandal Love by D.Y. Béchard (Doubleday Canada Limited)

Interior Geographies (p. 180 - 181)

by Deborah Torkko

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Beyond This Point by Holley Rubinsky (McClelland & Stewart Ltd.)

Mirroring Madness (p. 181 - 182)

by Jennifer Fraser

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. An Audience of Chairs by Joan Clark (Knopf Canada)

Fear Factor (p. 182 - 184)

by Laurie Kruk

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Blood Sports by Eden Robinson (McClelland & Stewart Ltd.)

Classical Riffs (p. 184 - 185)

by Norman Ravvin

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. Fabrizio's Return by Mark Frutkin (Knopf Canada)

When You See the Land… (p. 185 - 187)

by Lisa Sara Szabo

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. This Elusive Land by Melody Hessing, Rebecca Raglon, and Catriona Sandilands (University of British Columbia Press)

Canadian SF (p. 187 - 188)

by Douglas Barbour

Book(s) Reviewed:

1. A Game of Perfection by Élisabeth Vonarburg (Edge)
2. Rogue Forest by Danita Maslan (Robert J Sawyer Books)
3. Stealing Magic by Tanya Huff (Edge)
4. Northern Dreamers by Edo van Belkom (Quarry Press)
5. Perspectives on the Canadian Fantastic by Allan Weiss (ACCSFF)

Opinions and Notes

Jody Mason

• State Censorship and Irene Baird's Waste Heritage (p. 192 - 195)
• (POLITICAL COMMENTARY)